How can computing innovation be beneficial and harmful:

Beneficial:
Communication is extremely advanced. Not only can we communicate with people anywhere in the world instantaneously. Also, at a 2.5 to 2.7 transmission time, we can almost instantly communicate with people all the way on the moon. Machines have majorly improved the medical field. Because of the precision and speed of a machine, we can more quickly, safely, and efficiently save peoples lives. Like the medical field, the precision, speed, and accuracy of machines have also made production lines much more efficient and safe. Another thing that computing innovation has improved is navigation. We can accurately pinpoint your location and calculate how far the distance is between our location and the location we hope to reach

Harmful:
One negative of computing innovation is our ever increasing dependency on technology. Even now we majorly rely on technology for most things in our everyday lives. Imagine all of our phones, computers, and machines disappeared. We would be unable to communicate and all of the economy would come to a stop because without machinery we wouldn't really be able to produce anything. As technology starts being an aspect of our everyday lives, we are losing privacy. As we log into more things and share our names and pictures we are risking our privacy more and more. As technology becomes more advanced, humans will eventually be replaced in their everyday jobs. Machines don’t need to eat, they don't get tired, they don't need to go home to sleep or see family, and they don't need vacation days. Once computing advances enough, humans will be obsolete.

Computer innovation impact beyond intended purposes:

Computing innovations can have impacts beyond its intended purpose because it's always gaining information and learning. Learning information like this can be harmful because it can be influenced by trends. For example if a job has a hire rate of 50% of people aged 40-45 but a 17% hire rate of people 23-28, it will learn to accept more people of ages 40-45. A real world example of this is studies that show that based on employment data, women get hired and promoted less than men. Based on this data a machine will assume that it is worse to hire women when that isn't true.

Digital Divide:

Digital divide is the division of people and regions who have access to modern information and communication technology and people that don't have access to these. The urban to rural divide is the largest factor in the digital divide. Digital divide can be between urban and rural communities, young people who are more technologically educated and old people who are less technologically educated, and between more developed countries and less developed countries. To simplify the understanding of digital divide, it can be thought of as the division of people with affordable and reliable internet access and the people without it.

Computer Bias:

The option you choose and choices you make online are saved into algorithms. If you watch 3 of the same type of shows on netflix, it will start recommending those types of shows. When we train an algorithm to do something, we give it data that gives it the information to do its task. If we have an algorithm that makes decisions, it will make said decisions based on the information received. An example of this would be if you gave an algorithm the heights of the best NBA basketball players and told it to choose who should go to the NBA next. If the best players tend to be 6’6 - 6’8, the algorithm would most likely choose the people in that height range because based on history, those heights tend to be the most successful.

Crowdsourcing:

Crowdsourcing is the act of getting information or opinions from large groups of people who submit said data through apps, the internet, and social media. Crowdsourcing is advantageous because it is a cheap and fast way to find people with different skills that an organization’s team may not have. Since crowdsourcing uses the internet and social media as a platform of discovery, companies are able to reach people with different skills all around the world. This means they have access to a huge amount of different skills without the normal cost of employees. People in crowdsourcing often work as paid freelancers or volunteer to do small tasks. An example of crowdsourcing would be a company that needs to complete a job that only arises on certain occasions, like graphic design. In this situation, a company could use crowdsourcing to get someone to do said task for cheaper than it would cost to buy an employee. Crowdsourcing makes occasional tasks much cheaper for companies.

Ethical & Legal Computing Issues:

Ethical Computing Issues:
There are many ethical computing issues. One issue is privacy which refers to protecting people's data. Another one is accuracy which is the responsibility of getting accurate data and assuring that the data is actually accurate. The last one is property which refers to who owns the information and how they can sell and exchange it. We trust websites and other places online to uphold these rules because if they dont the consequences could be dire for the user.

Legal Computing Issues:
One of the main legal computing issues is piracy. A few types of piracy are as follows. Counterfeiting which is the selling of soft water that has been illegally pirated. Softlifting is the usage of a copy of a partner’s software. Hard disk loading which is the installation and sales of unauthorized software onto new computers. Finally, online piracy is the illegal downloading of softwares that has been cracked by download clients. The consequences of these crimes could be extremely bad for both sides.

Safe Computing:

Safe computing is very important these days because of how unpredictable the internet can be. Some people or even websites can be out to steal information such as your phone number, race, age,social security number, or your financial information. Things like your phone number, age, and race can be used to commit identity fraud. Your social security number or financial information can be exploited and used to rob the victim. Although there are many harms, there are also benefits. Some websites, like Youtube & TikTok, use your trends and history to recommend videos that have been recorded to appeal more to you. This can overall enhance your online experience so that you find things that are more suited towards your interests whether it is videos on Youtube or products on Amazon. A lesson to be learned is to always be cautious about what you post or give out online.